Mongodb Tutorial: How to Create a Complete Express.js + Node.js + MongoDB CRUD and REST Skeleton

Over the past few weeks I have created a few Node.js web apps (such as Bourbon Tweet Alerts) and I've noticed that there is a huge inconsistency in building Node.js web apps. I desperately needed a way to consistently build projects the same way every time. As we all know, there's nothing like having to figure out how someone made a piece of code function, much less an entire framework! I've been working with Ruby on Rails for a while, so making a transition into Node.js was quite a different leap. The one great thing I like about Rails is standardization. When you create a new rails app, the MVC architecture is templated out for you (ie "batteries included"). Node.js on the other hand, allows you to pick and choose any libraries you want to make the project successful. I've read over countless blogs and not a single one covers everything you need to know how to build a CRUD + REST application from soup to nuts. So I must thank about 20 different blogs and loads of github README's to help assemble this beacon of guidance.
I'll admit it, I'm a sucker for simple generation of skeleton. That's why I loved using rails. The entire MVC structure is laid out for me and I can be on my way.

rails new myapp --database=postgresql
rails generate scaffold Blob name:string badge:integer dob:date isloved:boolean

Generate the Express.js Skeleton

Within Node.js, the standard for creating web apps is Express.js. Express even has a template generator. Since you know I'm a sucker for it, let's use that. I'm going to assume you have Node.js & NPM already installed.

npm install -g express
npm install -g express-generator

Great. Now we've got Express & the generator installed as a global command on our system. To create a skeleton site go to your projects directory. When we create our application, a new folder with all the associated pieces are going to be created with it. By default this will use Jade as the html templating engine. There are other templating engines such as EJS, Mustache and Hogan, but once you start understanding Jade, it's very clean for simple web apps. Change out nodewebapp with whatever you want to call your application

express nodewebapp

Yep, it was that easy. You should now see these lines start scrolling:

create : nodewebapp/app.js
create : nodewebapp/public
create : nodewebapp/public/images
create : nodewebapp/public/stylesheets
create : nodewebapp/public/stylesheets/style.css
create : nodewebapp/routes
create : nodewebapp/routes/index.js
create : nodewebapp/routes/users.js
create : nodewebapp/public/javascripts
create : nodewebapp/views
create : nodewebapp/views/index.jade
create : nodewebapp/views/layout.jade
create : nodewebapp/views/error.jade
create : nodewebapp/bin
create : nodewebapp/bin/www
install dependencies:
$ cd nodewebapp && npm install
run the app:
$ DEBUG=nodewebapp:* ./bin/www

Setup MongoDB

Do you have MongoDB setup? If you haven't, no worries. It's actually incredibly easy with your Mac and Homebrew.

brew update
brew install mongodb

Let's start our MongoDB server. Side Note: I prefer to use iTerm2 to have multiple tabs and windows with terminal prompts. From the terminal type mongod and you will see Mongo start up. By default, it will always use port 27017.

kcoleman-mbp: kcoleman$ mongod
mongod --help for help and startup options
2015-03-04T09:59:26.150-0500 [initandlisten] MongoDB starting : pid=13761 port=27017 dbpath=/data/db 64-bit host=kcoleman-mbp.local
2015-03-04T09:59:26.150-0500 [initandlisten] db version v2.6.7
2015-03-04T09:59:26.150-0500 [initandlisten] git version: nogitversion
2015-03-04T09:59:26.150-0500 [initandlisten] build info: Darwin minimavericks.local 13.4.0 Darwin Kernel Version 13.4.0: Sun Aug 17 19:50:11 PDT 2014; root:xnu-2422.115.4~1/RELEASE_X86_64 x86_64 BOOST_LIB_VERSION=1_49
2015-03-04T09:59:26.150-0500 [initandlisten] allocator: tcmalloc
2015-03-04T09:59:26.150-0500 [initandlisten] options: {}
2015-03-04T09:59:26.151-0500 [initandlisten] journal dir=/data/db/journal
2015-03-04T09:59:26.152-0500 [initandlisten] recover : no journal files present, no recovery needed
2015-03-04T09:59:26.184-0500 [initandlisten] waiting for connections on port 27017

From another terminal window, lets create a new database. We need to use the mongo client and 1 command to create it. Type mongo to enter the client/shell and use dbname. Of course change dbname to whatever name you want to call it. Here is the shell output.

kcoleman-mbp:kcoleman$ mongo
MongoDB shell version: 2.6.7
connecting to: test
> use nodewebappdb
switched to db nodewebappdb
> db
nodewebappdb
> show dbs
admin (empty)
local 0.078GB
nodews4 0.078GB
nodewebappdb 0.078GB
>

Setup Mongoose to MongoDB

We will need to install the dependencies before we fire up the server, but I like to make sure we get our database pieces sorted first. Open up your favorite editor, such as Sublime Text or Atom, and make a new folder within nodewebapp called model. Inside this folder create a new file called db.js. This is the file where we are going to place our database connections.

var mongoose = require('mongoose');
mongoose.connect('mongodb://localhost/nodewebappdb');

Next open up app.js and lets add our db.js file to the variables. by adding the line var db = require('./model/db');

var express = require('express'),
path = require('path'),
favicon = require('serve-favicon'),
logger = require('morgan'),
cookieParser = require('cookie-parser'),
bodyParser = require('body-parser'),
db = require('./model/db'),
routes = require('./routes/index'),
users = require('./routes/users');
..
..
..

Install Dependencies

Now we need to install our dependencies. from the terminal of the working directory of nodewebapp type

npm install

and you should see a big output

kcoleman-mbp:nodewebapp kcoleman$ npm install
debug@2.1.2 node_modules/debug
└── ms@0.7.0
cookie-parser@1.3.4 node_modules/cookie-parser
├── cookie-signature@1.0.6
└── cookie@0.1.2
morgan@1.5.1 node_modules/morgan
├── basic-auth@1.0.0
├── depd@1.0.0
└── on-finished@2.2.0 (ee-first@1.1.0)
serve-favicon@2.2.0 node_modules/serve-favicon
├── ms@0.7.0
├── fresh@0.2.4
├── parseurl@1.3.0
└── etag@1.5.1 (crc@3.2.1)
body-parser@1.10.2 node_modules/body-parser
├── media-typer@0.3.0
├── bytes@1.0.0
├── raw-body@1.3.2
├── depd@1.0.0
├── qs@2.3.3
├── iconv-lite@0.4.6
├── on-finished@2.2.0 (ee-first@1.1.0)
└── type-is@1.5.7 (mime-types@2.0.9)
express@4.11.2 node_modules/express
├── utils-merge@1.0.0
├── methods@1.1.1
├── cookie@0.1.2
├── fresh@0.2.4
├── range-parser@1.0.2
├── merge-descriptors@0.0.2
├── cookie-signature@1.0.5
├── escape-html@1.0.1
├── vary@1.0.0
├── media-typer@0.3.0
├── parseurl@1.3.0
├── finalhandler@0.3.3
├── serve-static@1.8.1
├── content-disposition@0.5.0
├── path-to-regexp@0.1.3
├── depd@1.0.0
├── on-finished@2.2.0 (ee-first@1.1.0)
├── qs@2.3.3
├── etag@1.5.1 (crc@3.2.1)
├── proxy-addr@1.0.6 (forwarded@0.1.0, ipaddr.js@0.1.8)
├── accepts@1.2.4 (negotiator@0.5.1, mime-types@2.0.9)
├── type-is@1.5.7 (mime-types@2.0.9)
└── send@0.11.1 (destroy@1.0.3, ms@0.7.0, mime@1.2.11)
jade@1.9.2 node_modules/jade
├── character-parser@1.2.1
├── void-elements@2.0.1
├── commander@2.6.0
├── mkdirp@0.5.0 (minimist@0.0.8)
├── with@4.0.1 (acorn-globals@1.0.2, acorn@0.11.0)
├── constantinople@3.0.1 (acorn-globals@1.0.2)
└── transformers@2.1.0 (promise@2.0.0, css@1.0.8, uglify-js@2.2.5)

We need to add a few more packages to our package.json file as a dependencies. Mongoose will be our connection to MongoDB, body-parser is used to examine POST calls, and method-override is used by express to create DELETE and PUT requests through forms. read about method-override

npm install mongoose --save
npm install body-parser --save
npm install method-override --save

Awesome. Now to test it's all working in the terminal type npm start and you shouldn't see any errors:

kcoleman-mbp:nodewebapp kcoleman$ npm start
> nodewebapp@0.0.1 start /Users/kcoleman/Documents/projects/nodewebapp
> node ./bin/www

and if you navigate to http://127.0.0.0:3000 you will see the following screen

HOORAY!

We've got a functioning web server that is talking to Mongo. Part 1 is accomplished.
Coming from a Rails background, it was pretty easy to create a new model with all the routes, controllers and views through a simple scaffold. Node.js on the other hand requires most of this to be done manually.

Create the Model and Schema

Remember that model folder we created earlier? We are going to use that folder to form our objects. Create a new file within that folder for whatever your object is going to be. In this case, I'm going to call it blobs.js. Use the plural form of the object.
Each blob is going to have a Name (string), Badge (number), DOB (date), and IsLoved (boolean). Mongoose Schema Types

var mongoose = require('mongoose');
var blobSchema = new mongoose.Schema({
name: String,
badge: Number,
dob: { type: Date, default: Date.now },
isloved: Boolean
});